Preço de carro mais barato, da Índia para o Brasil:
A indústria automobilística está produzindo um tipo de carro tendenciosamente mais simples e barato, na tentativa de atingir o mercado que é composto pela população de menor poder aquisitivo. O carro batizado de Nano, criado pela Tata Motors, é considerado o carro mais barato do mundo. A montadora indiana Tatá Motors começou a vender o carro logo no começo de 2009, por um preço que se aproximava de R$ 4.500,00, o equivalente a cem mil rúpias indianas. O público alvo, segundo especialistas do setor de automóveis, são os cidadãos pobres, dos países em desenvolvimento, que não têm condição financeira para comprar um carro, tendo que andar a pé, ou optar por um carro super barato: o Nano!
Muitos analistas consideram que o novo carro poderá significar uma revolução para o transporte de milhões de indianos pobres, mas advertem que ele também poderá trazer mais congestionamento e elevar a poluição. Em março de 2009, no salão de Genebra da Suíça, o diretor de operações de empresa Tata Motors, Ravi Kant, afirmou que a intenção da marca é que o automóvel desembarque no mercado brasileiro entre 2010 e 2011.
Mas para que o Nano custe menos que o equivalente a R$ 5.000,00 ele tem alguns detalhes diferentes dos outros carros em sua montagem e estrutura, conforme relatado a seguir:
- Os designers do automóvel tomaram decisões inteligentes para manter os custos baixos, tirando supérfluos do acabamento e oferecendo suspensão confiável e amplo espaço interno;
- O carro tem 3,1 metros de comprimento. Para se ter uma idéia, o Ford Ka tem 3,6 metros;
- O carro possui apenas um limpador de pára-brisas e sua alavanca aciona também os faróis;
- O motor gira com gira com 623cc. Os modelos populares de carro do Brasil giram com 1000cc;
- A maioria das peças do motor do carro é feita de alumínio, enquanto os motores normais são de ferro;
- A redução do peso do motor do carro faz menos pressão sobre a suspensão e, com isso, ela também pode ser menor, com desenho tubular, ao invés da convencional vara, e mais barata.
- O tanque de combustível do carro está sob o capô, como no antigo Fusca, o que reduz o número de peças;
- O carro não tem air bags, não obrigatório na Índia, nem freios ABS ou de disco. O carro roda com freios de tambor;
- O carro vem sem ar-condicionado, também não possui vidros elétricos ou trava elétrica. Mas esses acessórios poderão ser pagos por fora;
- O carro logicamente não tem direção hidráulica;
- O carro não tem conta-giros seria: um luxo desnecessário;
- Os assentos do carro são fixos, não reguláveis;
- O acabamento interno do carro é todo de plástico e não há porta-trecos nem tampa para esconder o porta-malas;
- O estepe do carro não é um pneu reserva que pode ser usado no lugar do pneu normal. Ele é de qualidade inferior e dura apenas alguns quilômetros, teoricamente o suficiente para chegar a um borracheiro;
- E o pára-choque do carro é feito de plástico, colado diretamente na carroceria.
A Tata, no entanto, só garante este preço do carro para os primeiros 100 mil modelos do automóvel vendidos, já que os custos da matéria-prima mudaram consideravelmente em função da crise. A empresa diz que o carro pode atingir a velocidade máxima de 105 km/h e rodar até 23,6 quilômetros por litro. Além disso, a empresa afirma que o motor do carro emite menos dióxido de carbono do que a maioria das motocicletas. A empresa espera conseguir vender cerca de um milhão de exemplares do carro Nanos por ano só na Índia.
O carro apelidado como o carro dos “2500 dólares” (+/- 1700 euros), da indiana Tatá Motors, está agora com dificuldades em manter o preço do “carro mais barato do mundo”, o Nano. As últimas noticias, dão conta de que o aumento dos preços das matérias primas, em particular do aço, 25 por cento mais caro, mas também o plástico, a borracha, cobre e alumínio, também mais caros, poderá obrigar a Tata a aumentar o preço do carro.
No entanto, a marca indiana afirma que vai entregar os primeiros 100 mil modelos do carro sem alterações no preço anunciado inicialmente, mas não garante que vai o conseguir manter.
O Nano, que na India custa +/- 1460 euros, deverá chegar também à Europa no final do ano numa versão 20 centímetros mais comprida com um preço em torno dos 5 mil euros, antes de impostos. Dessa forma, deduz-se que vai ficar realmente pelo preço de um carro popular, com muito se imagina.
Apesar de toda essa promessa da Tatá Motors, o carro lançado por eles, batizado de “Nano” e considerado o “carro mais barato do mundo“, custaria aqui no Brasil cerca de R$ 14 mil caso fosse importado para o Brasil.
Segundo a Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Veículos Automotores (Abeiva) o carro, vendido por US$ 2,5 mil (+ou- R$ 4,3 mil) na Índia até o final de 2008, calculando preço de seguro, frete e impostos ao chegar ao Brasil, seu valor seria triplicado em relação ao preço praticado na Índia.
De acordo com a Abeiva, seria acrescido cerca de US$ 200 (R$350) para custos com frete e seguro. Ao desembarcar no Brasil haveria uma alíquota de 35% a título de imposto de importação, aumentando o valor do carro para R$ 6,2 mil. O restante (R$ 7,7 mil) seria devido à aplicação de tributos (PIS, IPI, Cofins e ICMS).
Agora imagine um carro que na Índia custa R$4,3 mil, ao chegar ao Brasil, seu preço tendo um acréscimo de três vezes o seu valor de mercado no exterior, sendo mais de 50% (R$7,7 mil), de acréscimo graças aos impostos que vão direto para o governo.
Veja um vídeo do Nano:
A seguir, o teste crash do Nano. Será que aguenta ?
Créditos: Auto Portal | Tankera Blog | O Globo Economia
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